Tawaffā Means Taking the Soul: Examples from the Hadith

The word tawaffā has also been frequently used in hadiths to mean death. Here are a few examples for instance. First, here is the narrative in which this very action of tawaffā is used for Prophet Jesus’s death. It is narrated in Abu Dawud:

عن ‌أبي هريرة عن النبي صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم قال: ليس بيني وبينه يعني عيسى عليه السلام نبي، وإنه نازل، فإذا رأيتموه فاعرفوه، رجل مربوع إلى الحمرة والبياض، بين ممصرتين، كأن رأسه يقطر وإن لم يصبه بلل، فيقاتل الناس على الإسلام فيدق الصليب، ويقتل الخنزير، ويضع الجزية، ويهلك اللّٰه في زمانه الملل كلها إلا لإسلام ويهلك المسيح الدجال، فيمكث في الأرض أربعين سنة ثم يتوفى، فيصلي عليه المسلمون.

It is narrated from Abu Huraira that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: There is no prophet between me and him (i.e., Jesus). And he is to descend. When you see him, recognize him. He will be a medium-statured man, his face will have a color of red and white. He will be wearing two yellow garments. His hair will be as if water is trickling from it, though it will not be wet. He will fight people for the sake of Islam. He will break the cross, kill the pig, and abolish the jizya. Allah will destroy all nations except Islam during his time. He will kill al-Masih ad-Dajjal. He will live on Earth for forty years. Then he will die, and the Muslims will pray his funeral prayer. (Abu Dawud No. 4324)

According to a narration in Bukhari, Anas bin Malik (RA) used the phrase watawaffāhu Allāhu ʿalā rāsi sittīna sanah which means ‘Allah gave him death at the age of sixty years’ for the death of the Prophet Muhammad, (PBUH):

عن انس بن مالك رضي اللّٰه عنه... بعثه اللّٰه على راس اربعين سنة، فاقام بمكة عشر سنين وبالمدينة عشر سنين، وتوفاه اللّٰه على راس ستين سنة.

It is narrated from Anas bin Malik... Allah made him (the Prophet Muhammad) a messenger at the age of forty. He stayed for ten years (after prophethood) in Mecca and ten years in Medina, and approximately at the age of sixty, Allah gave him death. (Bukhari No. 5900)

In another narration by Bukhari, the incident has been reported wherein Ali and Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, came to Umar (RA) with a matter concerning the inheritance of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. On this occasion, Umar, while mentioning the death of the Prophet and Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) used the same verb tawaffā. The relevant part of the narration is as follows:

قال لعلي وعباس: انشدكما باللّٰه، هل تعلمان ذلك؟ قالا: نعم، ثم توفى اللّٰه نبيه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم، فقال ابو بكر: انا ولي رسول اللّٰه، فقبضها ابو بكر يعمل فيها بما عمل به فيها رسول اللّٰه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم وانتما حينئذ.

واقبل على علي وعباس، تزعمان ان ابا بكر كذا وكذا واللّٰه يعلم انه فيها صادق بار راشد تابع للحق، ثم توفى اللّٰه ابا بكر.

Then he (meaning Umar, RA) asked Ali and Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them: ‘I ask you by Allah, do you also know this?’ They said, ‘Yes, we know.’ Then Allah Almighty gave death to His Prophet, and Abu Bakr (RA) said that he is the Khalifa of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Accordingly, he took possession of that property and acted in it according to the practice of the Prophet, peace be upon him.

Then turning to Ali and Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, he said: ‘You both were present at that time. You know very well that Abu Bakr (RA) did just so and Allah knows that Abu Bakr (RA) was sincere, cautious, well-intentioned, on the right path, and a follower of the truth. Then Allah Almighty also gave death to Abu Bakr.’ (Bukhari No. 5358)

In a narration by Ibn Majah, the words tawaffā Allah (توفيٰ اللّٰه) have been used for the death of Prophet Adam, peace be upon him:

عن ابي لبابة بن عبدالمنذر قال: قال النبي صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم: إن يوم الجمعة سيد الايام واعظمها عند اللّٰه...خلق اللّٰه فيه آدم واهبط اللّٰه فيه آدم إلى الارض وفيه توفى اللّٰه آدم...

Abu Lubabah bin Abdul Munder (RA) says that the Prophet (PBUH) said: Indeed, the day of Friday is the leader of all days and the most revered in the sight of Allah Almighty;... Allah Almighty created Adam on this day, on this day He sent him down to Earth, and on this day Allah Almighty gave Adam death... (Ibn Majah No. 1084)

In al-Beyhaqi’s Sunan al-Kubra, Abdur Rahman bin Auf (RA) reported that on one occasion the Prophet (PBUH) prolonged a prostration such that it was feared that Allah had given him death. The word tawaffā has been used twice in this narration to mean death. The narration is as follows:

عن عبد الرحمن بن عوف قال: ... فاستقبل القبلة فسجد فأطال السجود وأنا وراءه حتى ظننت أن اللّٰه تعالى توفاه فأقبلت أمشي حتى جئته فطأطأت رأسي أنظر في وجهه فرفع رأسه، فقال: ما لك يا عبد الرحمن؟ فقلت: لما أطلت السجود يا رسول اللّٰه، خشيت أن يكون اللّٰه قد توفى نفسك.

Abdur Rahman bin Auf (RA) reports: …The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) faced the Qibla and went into prostration. I was following him in prayer. He prolonged the prostration to such an extent that I feared that Allah Almighty had granted him death. I came close and looked at his face by lowering my head. Upon this, he raised his head and asked: Abdur Rahman, what is the matter? I replied, O Messenger of Allah, when you extended the prostration, I feared that Allah had given you death. (Sunan al-Kubra No. 2936)